Ethnopharmacological relevance: Trimada is well-known polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation utilized in Indian Conventional drugs since historic occasions. It consisted of three inebriant herbs together with “Chitraka” (Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Household- Plumabaginaceae), “Musta” (Cyperus rotundus Linn. Household- Cyperaceae) and Vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm. F. Household- Myrsinaceae) in equal ratios as talked about in Ayurveda. Trimada is historically used to extend the functioning of the digestive system and metabolism. Together with these, it additionally assists within the discount of ldl cholesterol in addition to reduces abdomen aches and chest ache.
Purpose of the examine: This examine is aimed to determine the metabolites current on this polyherbal formulation. Additional, the cytotoxicity and interplay potential of the formulation and particular person herbs with Cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYP3A4, 2D6, 2C9, 1A2) was evaluated by MTT assay and CYP450 enzyme inhibition. The focus of heavy metals was additionally decided.
Materials and strategies: Extremely-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) evaluation was carried out to detect and determine the phytoconstituents within the formulation. Cytotoxicity of the formulation was evaluated by MTT assay. CYP450 enzyme interplay potential of the person herbs and the Trimada formulation was carried out by way of CYP-CO assay and fluorometric excessive throughput screening (HTS) assay for particular person isozymes. The content material of heavy metallic within the formulation was quantified by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
Outcomes: Trimada formulation exhibited decrease cytotoxicity to human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). CYP-CO assay revealed that the interplay potential of particular person herbs and Trimada on the liver microsomes was discovered to be lesser than the usual inhibitor ketoconazole. Particular person herbs and Trimada formulation displayed increased IC50 values than the respective commonplace inhibitors within the fluorimetric assay. UPLC-QTOF-MS evaluation confirmed the presence of plenty of lively phytoconstituents together with sesquiterpenes, phenolic acids, benzoquinones, triterpenes and flavonoids. The heavy metallic focus within the conventional medicinal natural formulation was discovered inside the accredited restrict.
Conclusions: This examine steered that the person herbs and Trimada formulation exhibited low cytotoxicity and contributes insignificant interplay with CYP450 isozymes. So, the formulation is taken into account to be secure for its therapeutic administration with none potential drug interplay involving CYP 450 isozymes.
Complete assessment of hepatotoxicity related to conventional Indian Ayurvedic herbs
With rising antipathy towards standard prescribed drugs as a result of worry of adversarial occasions, the overall and affected person populations have been more and more utilizing complementary and various drugs (CAMs) for managing acute and continual illnesses. The final false impression is that pure herbal-based preparations are devoid of toxicity, and therefore short- and long-term use stay justified amongst individuals in addition to the CAM practitioners who prescribe these medicines. On this regard, Ayurvedic natural drugs have turn out to be one of the utilized within the East, particularly the Indian sub-continent, with growing use within the West. Latest well-performed observational research have confirmed the hepatotoxic potential of Ayurvedic medicine.
Toxicity stems from direct results or from oblique results by way of natural metabolites, unknown herb-herb and herb-drug interactions, adulteration of Ayurvedic medicine with different prescription medicines, and contamination as a result of poor manufacturing practices. On this exhaustive assessment, we current particulars on their hepatotoxic potential, talk about the mechanisms, medical presentation, liver histology and affected person outcomes of sure generally used Ayurvedic herbs which can function a information financial institution for physicians caring for liver illness sufferers, to assist early identification and remedy of those that current with CAM-induced liver damage.
Metabolite profiling and evaluation of CYP450 interaction potential of ‘Trimada’- An Ayurvedic formulation
Differential impact of Ayurvedic nootropics on C. elegans fashions of Parkinson’s illness
Background: Globally, there may be elevated incidence of Parkinson’s Illness (PD), which is the second most typical age-related neurodegenerative illness. The presently obtainable PD-therapeutics present solely symptomatic reduction. Thus, there may be an pressing want to plot an efficient and secure remedy technique for PD. The holistic method of Ayurveda is usually a potential efficient technique for treating PD. The combination of various drugs programs, comparable to trendy bio-medicine and Ayurveda might be an efficient technique for remedy of complicated illnesses, together with PD.
Goal: This examine aimed to judge the neuroprotective mechanism of six Ayurvedic nootropics which can be generally used to deal with PD.
Materials and strategies: Six Ayurvedic herbs, particularly Mucuna pruriens (MP), Bacopa monnieri (BM), Withania somnifera (WS), Centella asiatica (CA), Sida cordifolia (SC), and Celastrus paniculatus (CP), had been chosen after session with Ayurvedic students and physicians. The mode of motion of methanolic natural extracts was evaluated utilizing the Caenorhabditis elegans BZ555 and NL5901 strains, which can be utilized to mannequin the 2 major hallmarks of PD, particularly degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of α-synuclein protein.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin Alpha 6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin Alpha 6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin Alpha 6 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin alpha-M in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin alpha-M in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin alpha-M in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin alpha-X in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin alpha-X in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin alpha-X in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human Integrin alpha-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human Integrin alpha-5 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human Integrin alpha-9 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Integrin alpha 4 Antibody: The integrin alpha 4 (also known as CD49d and ITGA4) belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha and beta chains. Alpha4 chain associates with either beta1 or beta7 chain. It has been demonstrated that the putative ligand-binding sites of both integrin alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 is located on the alpha4 chain. These ligands included Madcam, VCAM, and fibronectin. Madcam is known as the principal ligand for integrin alpha4beta7. Recently it was also demonstrated that HIV-1 envelope can mimic Madcam by binding to and signaling though integrin alpha4beta1, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells.
Description: Integrin alpha 4 Antibody: The integrin alpha 4 (also known as CD49d and ITGA4) belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha and beta chains. Alpha4 chain associates with either beta1 or beta7 chain. It has been demonstrated that the putative ligand-binding sites of both integrin alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 is located on the alpha4 chain. These ligands included Madcam, VCAM, and fibronectin. Madcam is known as the principal ligand for integrin alpha4beta7. Recently it was also demonstrated that HIV-1 envelope can mimic Madcam by binding to and signaling though integrin alpha4beta1, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells.
Description: Integrin alpha 4 Antibody: The integrin alpha 4 (also known as CD49d and ITGA4) belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha and beta chains. Alpha4 chain associates with either beta1 or beta7 chain. It has been demonstrated that the putative ligand-binding sites of both integrin alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 is located on the alpha4 chain. These ligands included Madcam, VCAM, and fibronectin. Madcam is known as the principal ligand for integrin alpha4beta7. Recently it was also demonstrated that HIV-1 envelope can mimic Madcam by binding to and signaling though integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells.
Description: Integrin alpha 4 Antibody: The integrin alpha 4 (also known as CD49d and ITGA4) belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha and beta chains. Alpha4 chain associates with either beta1 or beta7 chain. It has been demonstrated that the putative ligand-binding sites of both integrin alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 is located on the alpha4 chain. These ligands included Madcam, VCAM, and fibronectin. Madcam is known as the principal ligand for integrin alpha4beta7. Recently it was also demonstrated that HIV-1 envelope can mimic Madcam by binding to and signaling though integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells.
Description: Integrin alpha 4 Antibody: The integrin alpha 4 (also known as CD49d and ITGA4) belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha and beta chains. Alpha4 chain associates with either beta1 or beta7 chain. It has been demonstrated that the putative ligand-binding sites of both integrin alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 is located on the alpha4 chain. These ligands included Madcam, VCAM, and fibronectin. Madcam is known as the principal ligand for integrin alpha4beta7. Recently it was also demonstrated that HIV-1 envelope can mimic Madcam by binding to and signaling though integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells.
Description: Integrin alpha 4 Antibody: The integrin alpha 4 (also known as CD49d and ITGA4) belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha and beta chains. Alpha4 chain associates with either beta1 or beta7 chain. It has been demonstrated that the putative ligand-binding sites of both integrin alpha4beta1 and alpha4beta7 is located on the alpha4 chain. These ligands included Madcam, VCAM, and fibronectin. Madcam is known as the principal ligand for integrin alpha4beta7. Recently it was also demonstrated that HIV-1 envelope can mimic Madcam by binding to and signaling though integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells.
Description: ITGA2 id a protein that belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane glycoproteins composed of a distinct alpha chain and a common beta chain. They are found on a wide variety of cell types including, T cells, fibroblasts and platelets. Integrins are involved in cell adhesion and also participate in cell-surface mediated signalling.
Description: ITGA1 is the alpha 1 subunit of integrin receptors. This protein heterodimerizes with the beta 1 subunit to form a cell-surface receptor for collagen and laminin. The heterodimeric receptor is involved in cell-cell adhesion and may play a role in inflammation and fibrosis. The alpha 1 subunit contains an inserted (I) von Willebrand factor type I domain which is thought to be involved in collagen binding.
Description: Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 is a receptor for fibronectin, laminin, collagen, epiligrin, thrombospondin and CSPG4. Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 provides a docking site for FAP (seprase) at invadopodia plasma membranes in a collagen-dependent manner and hence may participate in the adhesion, formation of invadopodia and matrix degradation processes, promoting cell invasion. Alpha- 3/beta-1 may mediate with LGALS3 the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration.
Description: Integrin alpha-7/beta-1 is the primary laminin receptor on skeletal myoblasts and adult myofibers. During myogenic differentiation, it may induce changes in the shape and mobility of myoblasts, and facilitate their localization at laminin-rich sites of secondary fiber formation. It is involved in the maintenance of the myofibers cytoarchitecture as well as for their anchorage, viability and functional integrity. Isoform Alpha-7X2B and isoform Alpha-7X1B promote myoblast migration on laminin 1 and laminin 2/4, but isoform Alpha-7X1B is less active on laminin 1 (In vitro). Acts as Schwann cell receptor for laminin-2. Acts as a receptor of COMP and mediates its effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) maturation (By similarity). Required to promote contractile phenotype acquisition in differentiated airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells.
Description: The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes the integrin alpha 5 chain. Alpha chain 5 undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 to form a fibronectin receptor. In addition to adhesion, integrins are known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling. [provided by RefSeq].
Description: This gene product belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane glycoproteins composed of a distinct alpha chain and a common beta chain. They are found on a wide variety of cell types including, T cells, fibroblasts and platelets. Integrins are involved in cell adhesion and also participate in cell-surface mediated signalling. [provided by RefSeq].
Description: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. They mediate a wide spectrum of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and thus play a role in cell migration, morphologic development, differentiation, and metastasis. This protein functions as a receptor for the basement membrane protein laminin-1. It is mainly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles and may be involved in differentiation and migration processes during myogenesis. Defects in this gene are associated with congenital myopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene.
Description: The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes the integrin alpha 5 chain. Alpha chain 5 undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 to form a fibronectin receptor. In addition to adhesion, integrins are known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling. [provided by RefSeq].
Description: Integrin alpha 1(ITGA1) chain associates with the beta 1(ITGB1) chain to form a heterodimer that functions as a dual laminin/collagen receptor in neural cells and hematopoietic cells. ITGA1 has a 206-amino acid I domain in its N-terminal half, followed by 3 divalent cation-binding sites and a C-terminal transmembrane domain with a short cytoplasmic tail. It also has 28 potential N-glycosylation sites. Human ITGA1 was expressed in a mouse fibroblast cell line as a 180-kD protein. ITGA1 is involved in the early remodeling of osteoarthritic cartilage and plays an essential role in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and cartilage production. It also plays an essential role in the regulation of MSC proliferation and cartilage production.
Description: ITGA3 (Integrin alpha 3), also called CD49C, VLA3 or GAPB3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA3 gene. It is an integrin alpha subunit which is also a member of the family of cell surface adhesion molecules. It is mapped to chromosome 17 and its exact cytogenetic location is 17q21.33. ITGA3 makes up half of the alpha3beta1 integrin duplex that plays a role in neural migration and corticogenesis together with beta-1 subunit. A functional link between DAB1 phosphorylation and ITGA3 signaling drives the timely detachment of migrating neurons from radial glial fibers. Expression of the human protein increased the infectivity of virus for Chinese hamster ovary cells. ITGA3 also contains 13 potential N-glycosylation sites, two potential cleavage sites, and the the N-terminal repeating units characteristic of ITGAs.
Description: Integrin alpha-5, also known as FNRA or VLA5A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA5 gene. The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. Integrins are integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes the integrin alpha 5 chain. Alpha chain 5 undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 to form a fibronectin receptor. In addition to adhesion, integrins are known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin Alpha 2β1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin Alpha 2β1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Integrin Alpha 2β1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Integrin alpha-1 (ITGA1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Integrin alpha-1(ITGA1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Integrin alpha-2(ITGA2) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Integrin alpha-3 (ITGA3) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Integrin alpha-3(ITGA3) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Integrin alpha-5 (ITGA5) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, urine, cerebrospinalfluid (CSF). A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Integrin alpha-5(ITGA5) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, urine, cerebrospinalfluid(CSF). Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Outcomes: All six natural extracts exhibited neuroprotective impact. The extracts of BM and MP exhibited most safety in opposition to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+ iodide)-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration within the BZ555 pressure. Moreover, the natural extracts, besides CA extract, inhibited the aggregation of heterologously expressed human α-synuclein within the NL5901 pressure.
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